Dental Auxiliary Materials
Auxiliary Materials are materials used in the manufacturing process but do not end up being a part of the final product. They are also referred to as helper materials.
There are many different types of auxiliary materials, including impression materials, gypsum products, waxes and adhesives. These can be used for a variety of purposes, including making prostheses.
Impression Materials
Impression materials are chosen based on their unique qualities that allow dentists to obtain the most accurate reproduction of a patient’s teeth and gums. Using the right impression material for each case can make all the difference to the outcome of an indirect restoration.
The most common impression materials are alginate and polyether, both of which have a low cost per use. They are highly accurate and offer good dimensional stability. These materials are also very pliable, which allows for the flexibility of the trays that they are used in.
Alginate is a reversible impression material that can be changed by temperature. It is available as dust-free powders that are mixed with water in a rubber bowl and placed into the mouth. The tackiness is lost in two to three minutes and can be removed from the oral cavity.
It is a mucocompressive material that will record the edentulous ridges. It is used in both complete denture fabrication and distal extensions partial dentures.
Polyether is the most hydrophilic of the synthetic elastomers and is therefore often used in clinical situations where moisture control is difficult. It is presented as a paste to paste system and is more likely to capture preparation margins than most other elastomers.
Another advantage of polyether is its long-term dimensional stability. This enables it to be poured after an impression has been taken and is often a desirable feature when using tray adhesives that require a short setting time.
The three types of elastomeric materials are polysulphides, polyethers, and silicones (addition and condensation). All three come in two parts, which are mixed before taking an impression.
Despite their disadvantages, polysulphides are still routinely used when the case requires a long working time. This is because they are relatively inexpensive, but they do have some drawbacks: they are messy to manipulate and they are not dimensionally stable, requiring immediate pouring.
Polyether is less brittle than polysulfide and has a high degree of elasticity. This material can be used in both edentulous and non-edentulous patients, although it is not a good choice for the fabrication of crowns and bridges as it can deform if it is removed from the oral cavity. The main disadvantage of polyether is its sensitivity to water, and it should be thoroughly disinfected to prevent cross-contamination.
Gypsum Products
Gypsum products are a group of materials that consist of gypsum and various additives. They are used in a variety of applications, and are particularly useful for creating impressions and models (casts) and dies that are used to construct dental restorations and appliances.
In dentistry, gypsum products are used to create models and dies of a patient’s teeth and soft tissues using the lost wax technique. These casts or dies are poured into an impression mold, and the model or die hardens to form a replica of the original structure.
Plaster is the first gypsum product available for use in dentistry, and it is manufactured by grinding gypsum rock into a fine powder and then heating the powder in an open container. This process breaks up some of the water of crystallization and produces irregular particles with varying porosity.
It is the most inexpensive of the three gypsum products. It is typically used for preliminary casts that do not require high strength or for attaching a gypsum cast to a mechanical device called an articulator.
Unlike the other two gypsum products, plaster does not have any abrasive qualities and Auxiliary Materials is therefore susceptible to damage by tooth brushing or flossing. It is also less resistant to heat than the other two gypsum products, making it a poor choice for creating dental restorations and appliances.
Building gypsum is also used in construction works, and it is particularly used as insulation material. Its whiteness, refined quality, stability in volume and good mould-ability when mixed with water make it a popular building decorative material. Its molded products such as curlicues, pillar ornaments and moulds have been widely used for a long time.
The main advantage of gypsum is that it is fire-resistant and can help stabilize conditions such as humidity and temperature in a room. It is also a good thermal and sound insulator.
In the past, a number of gypsum products have been used for dental applications, but these days there are many more options that are more appropriate for the dental field. These include a gypsum-based plaster that is used for fixed indirect restorations and prostheses, a gypsum-based adhesive that can be used to attach a gypsum impression or cast to an articulator, and a gypsum-based cement that can be used to create a permanent dental restoration or appliance.
Waxes
Waxes are an auxiliary material that can be found in the cosmetic and industrial fields. Waxes have been used for centuries and are made from a variety of different materials, both natural and synthetic.
Waxes are long-chain lipids that contain various fatty acids, alcohols and other aliphatic molecules. The nature of the lipids can vary with the type of wax, but they are typically mainly composed of saturated or monoenoic fatty acids (e.g. C20 to C34), sterol esters, aliphatic aldehydes and primary and secondary alcohols.
Among the most familiar natural waxes are beeswax, carnauba wax, lanolin and tallow. In addition to their uses in the cosmetic industry, they are also used as lubricants and coatings for food and other products.
As a cosmetic ingredient, waxes can be used to improve the rheology and moisture barrier properties of cosmetics. They can also be used to bind ingredients in lipstick, lip balms and other cosmetics.
Some waxes can even be used to provide a hair removal benefit. Unlike hair removal creams and shaving gels, waxing allows for the removal of unwanted hair from the root, which helps to keep the skin clear and smooth.
Another great waxing benefit is that waxing can actually help prevent the re-growth of hair, which means less stubble and much softer skin. It can take several sessions before you start to notice the results, but with repeated waxing, your skin will become incredibly soft and smooth.
Many people who shave or use hair removal creams and razors experience a lot of pain and irritation, but with waxing you will not have these issues. It is recommended that you slather on a skin care product after each waxing session to moisturize and reduce the re-growth of hair.
If you are looking to get rid of your excess body hair and want to see results quickly, waxing is the way to go. Not only will you enjoy smoother, softer skin that is more manageable, but you’ll also experience other benefits like no itchiness or redness. And because waxing is done at the root of the hair, you’ll also notice that it doesn’t grow back as quickly as with other hair removal methods.
Adhesives
Adhesives are used for a variety of purposes in a wide range of industries. They are especially useful in construction, packaging, electronics and the medical field. They also prevent oxidation and corrosion, and they can join and encapsulate components.
Historically, adhesives were made from naturally-occurring ingredients, but more recently they can be composed of synthetic substances as well. These include animal and plant-based materials as well as minerals.
A number of adhesives are available in a variety of formats, such as liquid, pellets, film, or a combination. The type of application determines which kind of adhesive is most appropriate. For example, if the adhesive is to be Auxiliary Materials used for heavy loads that require support, then it would be wise to choose structural adhesives.
Structural adhesives are ones that demonstrate high bond strengths and durability. They can withstand heat and solvent, and they support high loads for long periods of time without deformation or failure. They are also capable of absorbing vibrations and movement and preventing noise or abrasion.
They are available in many different forms, including adhesive film (rolled or pre-cut lengths or shapes), hot melts, polyurethanes and thermosettings. They are typically used in applications where a high degree of precision is required.
Non-structural adhesives are generally low in strength and can only withstand lightweight to moderate loads. They are often weaker in shear, tensile, and compressive stresses. They are also less resistant to peel and cleavage than structural adhesives.
These adhesives are usually derived from natural sources, such as serum albumen or powdered soluble blood. They can be extracted from fresh or dried blood. They are commonly used in plywood and corrugated board, and are a popular adhesive for wallpaper.
In addition to these adhesives, there are several types of sealants that can be used for a variety of applications. They are used to connect and encapsulate electrical wires, for example. They are also used to bind a variety of materials together, such as wood, paper, and plastic. They are also often used to attach printed circuit boards to other substrates.
